Email this article Compressive strength and fire resistance of mortar containing spent garnet as partial sand replacement
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20528/cjcrl.2025.04.001
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The increasing demand for sand in construction, driven by rapid urbanization, has led to unsustainable sand mining and significant environmental degradation. This study addresses the urgent need for sustainable alternatives by investigating the use of spent garnet, a waste by-product from abrasive blasting, as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in mortar. Despite its widespread disposal in landfills, spent garnet has potential as a viable substitute due to its high bulk density and angular particle structure. This research explores the effects of substituting sand with spent garnet at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% replacement levels. The novelty of this study lies in its integrated evaluation of workability, mechanical strength, and thermal resistance of mortar incorporating spent garnet. Results from flow table tests showed a progressive increase in flowability, with the 40% garnet mix achieving a maximum flow of 142%, compared to 68.3% for the control mix. Density increased from 4958 kg/m³ (0% garnet) to 5180 kg/m³ (40% garnet), enhancing packing efficiency. The highest compressive strength was recorded in the 20% replacement mix, with values of 37.95 MPa at 7 days and 50.99 MPa at 28 days, an increase of 12.5% and 42.3%, respectively, over the control mix. Thermal analysis revealed the lowest mass loss in 10% and 20% replacement mixes, with the 20% mix also showing improved fire resistance. These findings indicate that a 20% spent garnet replacement offers the optimal balance between workability, mechanical performance, and thermal stability. This approach not only enhances mortar properties but also promotes sustainable waste management and reduces reliance on natural river sand.
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